Violence is essential to religion, while religion holds the promise of transcending violence. The designation religious refers not to a type of violence, but to a specific issue of violence, namely the claim to higher (theodical) justification. This religious aspect is not confined to religion; it is also evident in the secular domain. A critique of religious violence needs to show the gap between violence and its justifications, experienced affectively in horror. This horror in response to the unspeakable is structurally akin to mystical experience, the temporal structure of which indicates the failure of the theodical justification for violence.

中文翻译：

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暴力时代，无法形容的恐怖和宗教体验的暂时性

暴力对宗教至关重要，而宗教则承诺超越暴力。宗教名称不是指一种暴力，而是指特定的暴力问题，即对更高（神学）正当性的要求。这种宗教方面并不局限于宗教；这在世俗领域也很明显。对宗教暴力的批评需要显示暴力与其正当性之间的差距，在恐惧中情感体验。这种对不可言说的恐惧在结构上类似于神秘经验，其时间结构表明暴力的神学辩护的失败。