There are few large-scale studies that compare how parents socialize children across the globe and the implications of the different types of socialization. To fill this gap, the authors used data from a new study across 52,300 probabilistically selected respondents from 54 countries. They were asked what advice they would give to their children to instill desirable values and traits in them. Aggregated to the national level, the responses yield two main dimensions of national culture. The first (collectivism-individualism) captures differences approximately along the South-North geographic axis of the Earth and is strongly correlated with differences in economic and gender inequality. The second (monumentalism-flexibility) captures cultural differences approximately on the West-East geographic axis of the world and is strongly associated with national differences in educational achievement. Thus, some of the most important national differences worldwide are strongly related to cultural differences in parental ideologies for the socialization of their children, suggesting that culture has objective societal outcomes.

中文翻译：

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父母教给孩子什么价值观和特质？来自 54 个国家的新数据

很少有大规模研究比较父母如何在全球范围内对孩子进行社交以及不同类型社交的影响。为了填补这一空白，作者使用了来自 54 个国家/地区的 52,300 名概率选择的受访者的新研究数据。他们被问及他们会给孩子什么建议，以灌输他们理想的价值观和特质。汇总到国家层面，这些反应产生了国家文化的两个主要方面。第一个（集体主义 - 个人主义）大致沿着地球的南北地理轴捕捉差异，并且与经济和性别不平等的差异密切相关。第二个（纪念主义-灵活性）大致捕捉了世界东西地理轴上的文化差异，并且与国家教育成就的差异密切相关。因此，世界范围内一些最重要的国家差异与父母对子女社会化的意识形态的文化差异密切相关，这表明文化具有客观的社会结果。