In this paper, the author explores how development affects public opinions on an Islamic Leviathan as an appropriate political system in the Middle East. He asks the following: In the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa), what influences political attitudes toward the Islamic Leviathan? To answer this question, he looks at the influence of seven independent variables on attitudes toward the Islamic Leviathan as a state system. The seven variables are (1) society’s overall development, (2) the socioeconomic class of respondents, (3) society’s corruption, (4) religiosity, (5) education, (6) gender, and (7) age. The author finds the observations needed to assess his theory in the Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset 1988-2014 ( CMEGID ), which includes 15,194 relevant observations throughout the MENA region. His findings show that societies’ overall development has the most influence over Arab attitudes toward the Islamic Leviathan as an appropriate state system.

中文翻译：

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伊斯兰世界的政治文化：伊斯兰利维坦的社会经济根源

在本文中，作者探讨了发展如何影响公众对伊斯兰利维坦作为中东适当政治制度的看法。他提出以下问题：在 MENA 地区（中东和北非），是什么影响了对伊斯兰利维坦的政治态度？为了回答这个问题，他考察了七个自变量对作为国家体系的伊斯兰利维坦的态度的影响。这七个变量是（1）社会整体发展，（2）受访者的社会经济阶层，（3）社会腐败，（4）宗教信仰，（5）教育，（6）性别和（7）年龄。作者在 Carnegie Middle East Governance and Islam Dataset 1988-2014 (CMEGID) 中找到了评估他的理论所需的观察，其中包括整个 MENA 地区的 15,194 个相关观察。