Abstract This article discusses the use of proximal deictic expressions to designate distal entities, focusing on the use of the present tense to designate past events. Cognitive approaches to this issue assume that such usages presuppose a special conceptual construal, in which the spatio-temporal distance between the ground and the designated event space is bridged in some way. In this paper, I argue that there are two distinct ways in which this may be accomplished. One is through mentally displacing the ground to the distal space, so that the designated events become proximal in relation to this alternative ground. The other involves bringing the distal space into the ground in the form of a representation. I describe the distinctive characteristics of the two scenarios, showing both where they converge and at what point the difference becomes relevant for linguistic analysis.

中文翻译：

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弥合近与远之间的鸿沟：位移与表现

摘要本文讨论了使用近端指示符来指定远端实体，重点是使用当前时态来指定过去事件。解决此问题的认知方法假定此类用法以特殊的概念解释为前提，其中以某种方式桥接了地面与指定事件空间之间的时空距离。在本文中，我认为可以通过两种不同的方法来实现这一目标。一种是通过在精神上将地面移动到远端空间，从而使指定事件相对于该替代地面变为近端。另一种涉及将远端空间以表示形式带入地下。我描述了两种情况的鲜明特征，