Abstract The idea that conventionalized general knowledge – sometimes referred to as a frame – guides the perception and interpretation of the world around us has long permeated various branches of cognitive science, including psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. In this paper we provide experimental evidence suggesting that frames also play a role in explaining certain long-distance dependency phenomena, as originally proposed by Deane (1991). We focus on a constraint that restricts the extraction of an NP from another NP, called subextraction, which Deane (1991) claims is ultimately a framing effect. In Experiment 1 we provide evidence showing that referents are extractable to the degree that they are deemed important for the proposition expressed by the utterance. This suggests that the world knowledge that the main verb evokes plays a key role in establishing which referents are extractable. In Experiment 2 we offer evidence suggesting that the acceptability of deep subextractions is correlated with the overall plausibility of the proposition, suggesting that complex structures can evoke complex frames as well, if sufficiently frequent and semantically coherent, and therefore more easily license deeper subextractions.

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基于用法的子提取效果说明

摘要传统的常识（有时称为框架）指导我们对周围世界的感知和解释的思想早已渗透到认知科学的各个分支，包括心理学，语言学和人工智能。在本文中，我们提供的实验证据表明，帧也可以在解释某些长距离依赖现象中发挥作用，正如Deane（1991）最初提出的那样。我们关注一个约束，该约束限制了从另一个NP中提取一个NP（称为子提取），Deane（1991）声称这最终是一种成帧效应。在实验1中，我们提供的证据表明，被指引物可被提取到一定程度，以至于它们被认为对话语表达的命题很重要。这表明主要动词唤起的世界知识在确定哪些对象可以提取方面起着关键作用。在实验2中，我们提供的证据表明，深层子提取的可接受性与命题的总体合理性相关，这表明，如果足够频繁且在语义上连贯，那么复杂的结构也可以唤起复杂的框架，因此更容易许可深层子提取。