Abstract Linguistic categories such as aspect are not identical across languages, and cross-linguistic differences can reveal differences in construal and conceptual categorization, which are key concepts in cognitive linguistics. Spanish-Russian parallel data diverge in situations where Spanish uses a Perfective Past tense form, while the Russian translation equivalent is an Imperfective Past tense form. We classify examples of aspectual mismatch according to grammatical constructions and language-specific facts. We find this mismatch in contexts with overt expression of time periods, as well as situations in which a final temporal boundary either is expressed or can be inferred. We interpret this in terms of a difference in conceptualization: Spanish has a tendency to view time periods from without, interpreting them as bounded and thus Perfective, whereas Russian has a tendency to view time periods from within, interpreting them on the basis of their duration without reference to their boundaries and thus Imperfective.

中文翻译：

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从外而内，从内而外看：西班牙语和俄语之间的外观差异

摘要语言类别（例如方面）在语言之间并不完全相同，跨语言的差异可以揭示解释性和概念性分类的差异，这是认知语言学中的关键概念。在西班牙语使用“完全过去”时态形式而西班牙语翻译为“不完美过去”时态形式的情况下，西班牙语-俄罗斯并行数据存在差异。我们根据语法结构和特定于语言的事实对方面不匹配的示例进行分类。我们发现在时间周期公开表达的情况下，以及在最终时间边界被表达或可以推断的情况下，这种不匹配。我们用概念上的差异来解释这一点：西班牙语倾向于从无到有的角度看待时间段，