Whereas most fields devoted to the study of minorities define the subjects of their inquiries in opposition to the ethnic, racial, religious, or gender hierarchies of society, Jewish studies has, traditionally fashioned itself along the norms of the European, western humanistic tradition. In this essay I suggest that the study of Jews and Jewish life in and out of early modern Europe provides an opportunity to revise this paradigm and offer two directions for the future of the field: the synthesis of the Jews’ histories of persecution and integration in Europe; and the exploration of the Jews’ role in global history.

中文翻译：

---

早期现代犹太历史

多数致力于少数民族研究的领域都与社会的族裔，种族，宗教或性别等级制相对立，而其研究主题却是犹太人，传统上是按照欧洲，西方人文传统的规范形成的。在这篇文章中，我建议对现代欧洲早期和以后的犹太人和犹太人生活的研究提供了一个机会，可以修改这种范式，并为该领域的未来提供两个方向：犹太人在世界范围内遭受迫害和融合的历史的综合。欧洲; 以及对犹太人在全球历史中的作用的探索。