This study investigates the activities of the Austin Friars in England in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries regarding the sale of expurgatory services. Through an analysis of their letters of confraternity and indulgences, this study argues that around the end of the fifteenth century, the Austin Friars experienced a change in attitude in the sale of their religious services. They exponentially increased their efforts in selling indulgences and letters of confraternity and in advertising their popular Scala Coeli services, an attitude that reached its zenith in 1516 when Pope Leo X licensed the Austin Friars to sell and promote a lucrative plenary indulgence. This change has significant consequences for considerations of the actions of English Augustinian reformers in the sixteenth century, primarily Robert Barnes, whose criticisms of clerical wealth are put into relief when examined within this monastic context.

中文翻译：

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天堂小贩

这项研究调查了15世纪和16世纪初英格兰的奥斯丁男修道士在有关销售义卖服务方面的活动。通过对他们的友爱和纵容信的分析，该研究认为，大约在15世纪末，奥斯丁男修道士在出售宗教服务方面的态度发生了变化。他们成倍地加大了对放纵和and友信的宣传力度，并宣传了他们受欢迎的Scala Coeli服务，这种态度在1516年教皇利奥十世授权奥斯丁男修道士出售和促进有利可图的全体放纵时达到了顶峰。考虑到16世纪英国奥古斯丁改革派（主要是罗伯特·巴恩斯，