Both scientists and philosophers of science have recently emphasized the importance of promoting transparency in science. For scientists, transparency is a way to promote reproducibility, progress, and trust in research. For philosophers of science, transparency can help address the value-ladenness of scientific research in a responsible way. Nevertheless, the concept of transparency is a complex one. Scientists can be transparent about many different things, for many different reasons, on behalf of many different stakeholders. This paper proposes a taxonomy that clarifies the major dimensions along which approaches to transparency can vary. By doing so, it provides several insights that philosophers and other science studies scholars can pursue. In particular, it helps address common objections to pursuing transparency in science, it clarifies major forms of transparency, and it suggests avenues for further research on this topic.

科学家和科学哲学家最近都强调了提高科学透明度的重要性。对于科学家来说，透明度是促进研究的可重复性、进步和信任的一种方式。对于科学哲学家来说，透明度可以帮助以负责任的方式解决科学研究的价值负载问题。然而，透明度的概念是一个复杂的概念。由于许多不同的原因，科学家可以代表许多不同的利益相关者对许多不同的事情保持透明。本文提出了一种分类法，阐明了透明度方法可以变化的主要维度。通过这样做，它提供了哲学家和其他科学研究学者可以追求的一些见解。特别是，它有助于解决对追求科学透明度的常见反对意见，