This article examines Paul’s enigmatic statement that “the rock was Christ” (1 Cor 10:4) from the perspective of ancient understandings and habits of allegorical interpretation. Paul’s use of the exodus story can be addressed as an exemplum type of allegory, as described by Quintilian and applied for exegetical purposes by Heraclitus and Philo. In contrast to previous scholarship, it is shown that the employment of different tenses in allegorical formulas is a matter of style rather than of content so that Paul’s use of ἦν instead ἐστίν does not contradict the fact that it is meant to designate the allegorical sense of the term “rock”.

中文翻译：

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„Der Felsen aber war Christus“（1 Kor 10,4）

本文从古代对寓言解释的理解和习惯的角度审视了保罗关于“磐石就是基督”（哥林多前书 10:4）的神秘陈述。保罗对出埃及记的使用可以作为一种典型的寓言类型来处理，正如昆蒂利安所描述的那样，赫拉克利特和斐罗将其用于解经目的。与先前的学术研究相反，它表明在寓言公式中使用不同的时态是一种风格而不是内容的问题，因此保罗使用 ἦν 而不是 ἐστίν 与它旨在指定寓言意义的事实并不矛盾“摇滚”一词。