At the height of the Cold War, in the 1950s, the process of parallel invention of masers and lasers took place on the opposing sides of the Iron Curtain. While the American part of the story has been investigated by historians in much penetrating detail, comparable Soviet developments were described more superficially. This study aims at, to some extent, repairing this discrepancy by analyzing the Soviet path towards the maser from a comparative angle. It identifies, on the one hand, significant differences between the two projects regarding their heuristics, the relationship between theory and experiment, grounding in different academic cultures, and the resulting conceptualization of the maser principle. At the same time, the case also illustrates more fundamental transformations in the practices of postwar research that can be characterized as a convergence between the Soviet and the American science of the period.

中文翻译：

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冷战物理学的趋同：战后苏联共同发明微波激射器

在冷战最激烈的 1950 年代，微波激射器和激光的并行发明过程发生在铁幕的对立面。虽然历史学家对故事中的美国部分进行了深入细致的调查，但对苏联发展的类似描述却更为肤浅。本研究旨在通过从比较的角度分析苏联走向脉泽的路径，在一定程度上修复这种差异。一方面，它确定了两个项目在启发式、理论与实验之间的关系、不同学术文化的基础以及由此产生的微波激射原理概念化方面的显着差异。同时，