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Community, Artistry, and Storytelling in the Cultural Confluence of Nautanki and Ramlila
Asian Theatre Journal Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/atj.2020.0027
Devendra Sharma

Abstract:This essay illuminates cultural resonances between two widely viewed forms of theatre over the last century in North India, Nautanki and Ramlila. It explores some of their common elements, relating to presentation style and narrative content, ones that are common to many other regional forms of Indian theatre. Throughout the twentieth century, Nautanki reigned supreme as the predominant form of opera in North India. While its popularity has diminished somewhat in recent years, Nautanki and its less commercial, more religious "cousin," Bhagat, are still staged, especially in their geographic home in the Braj region. Contrasting one Bhagat play, Sundar kathā by Ram Dayal Sharma, and the parallel episode in Ramlila and the Radheshyam Ramayan (a literary source for Ramlila) by Radheshyam Kathavachak, this essay suggests that these performance forms are deeply interconnected and spring the same cultural soil. As with so many North-Indian performance forms, Ramlila and Nautanki entail charming music, poetry, dramatic acting, and backstage coordination by many people in the community. They are supported by local patronage, and sometimes performed by local volunteers as well. These are performance forms that create strong bonds within the local community. Amateur neighborhood Ramlilas, with their rollicking style and colloquial scripts, are much closer in style and spirit to Nautankis and Bhagats than staid, ritualistic Ramlilas like that of Ramnagar.Devendra Sharma is a fifth-generation Nautanki singer, writer and director, who has performed in more than 1,000 performances. He was the first to introduce Nautanki to audiences in the United States and Europe, where he has performed extensively and trained many artists. He has played the role of Lakshman in an operatic production of Sāket, based on an epic poem by Maithilisharan Gupt, and Ram and the narrator in the Ramlila at the Parvatiya Kala Kendra (PKK) in Delhi. He has also assisted his father who has performed as the vyās (singer-symbolic director) at the Ramlilas of Ashok Vihar and Shalimar Bagh in Delhi. He has been an artist in residence and held visiting professorships at institutions including Theatre du Soleil in Paris, Columbia University, and the University of Oxford. Sharma is currently professor of Communication and Performance Studies at California State University, Fresno.

中文翻译:

Nautanki 和 Ramlila 文化交汇处的社区、艺术和讲故事

摘要:本文阐明了上个世纪在北印度,Nautanki 和 Ramlila 两种被广泛观看的戏剧形式之间的文化共鸣。它探讨了他们的一些共同元素,与演示风格和叙事内容有关,这些元素与许多其他地区的印度戏剧形式相同。在整个 20 世纪,Nautanki 作为北印度的主要歌剧形式占据了至高无上的地位。尽管近年来它的受欢迎程度有所下降,但 Nautanki 及其商业性较低、宗教性较强的“表亲”Bhagat 仍在上演,尤其是在他们位于 Braj 地区的家乡。对比 Ram Dayal Sharma 的一部 Bhagat 戏剧 Sundar kathā,以及 Radheshyam Kathavachak 的 Ramlila 和 Radheshyam Ramayan(Radheshyam Ramayan)的平行剧集(Radheshyam Kathavachak),这篇文章表明,这些表演形式是相互关联的,并产生相同的文化土壤。与许多北印度表演形式一样,Ramlila 和 Nautanki 需要社区中许多人的迷人音乐、诗歌、戏剧表演和后台协调。他们得到当地赞助的支持,有时也由当地志愿者执行。这些是在当地社区内建立牢固纽带的表演形式。业余社区 Ramlilas 以其欢快的风格和口语化的剧本,在风格和精神上更接近 Nautankis 和 Bhagats,而不是像 Ramnagar 那样沉稳、仪式化的 Ramlilas。Devendra Sharma 是 Nautanki 的第五代歌手、作家和导演,他曾表演过在1000多场演出中。他是第一个将 Nautanki 介绍给美国和欧洲观众的人,在那里他进行了广泛的表演并培训了许多艺术家。他在根据 Maithilisharan Gupt 的史诗改编的 Sāket 歌剧制作中扮演 Lakshman 的角色,Ram 以及德里 Parvatiya Kala Kendra (PKK) 的 Ramlila 中的叙述者。他还协助他的父亲在德里的 Ashok Vihar 和 Shalimar Bagh 的 Ramlilas 担任 vyās(歌手象征导演)。他一直是驻校艺术家,并在巴黎太阳剧院、哥伦比亚大学和牛津大学等机构担任客座教授。Sharma 目前是加州州立大学弗雷斯诺分校的传播与表演研究教授。他曾在根据 Maithilisharan Gupt 和 Ram 以及德里 Parvatiya Kala Kendra (PKK) 的 Ramlila 的史诗改编的 Sāket 歌剧制作中扮演 Lakshman 的角色。他还协助他的父亲在德里的 Ashok Vihar 和 Shalimar Bagh 的 Ramlilas 担任 vyās(歌手象征导演)。他一直是驻校艺术家,并在巴黎太阳剧院、哥伦比亚大学和牛津大学等机构担任客座教授。Sharma 目前是加州州立大学弗雷斯诺分校的传播与表演研究教授。他曾在根据 Maithilisharan Gupt 和 Ram 以及德里 Parvatiya Kala Kendra (PKK) 的 Ramlila 的史诗改编的 Sāket 歌剧制作中扮演 Lakshman 的角色。他还协助他的父亲在德里的 Ashok Vihar 和 Shalimar Bagh 的 Ramlilas 担任 vyās(歌手象征导演)。他一直是驻校艺术家,并在巴黎太阳剧院、哥伦比亚大学和牛津大学等机构担任客座教授。Sharma 目前是加州州立大学弗雷斯诺分校的传播与表演研究教授。他还协助他的父亲在德里的 Ashok Vihar 和 Shalimar Bagh 的 Ramlilas 担任 vyās(歌手象征导演)。他一直是驻校艺术家,并在巴黎太阳剧院、哥伦比亚大学和牛津大学等机构担任客座教授。Sharma 目前是加州州立大学弗雷斯诺分校的传播与表演研究教授。他还协助他的父亲在德里的 Ashok Vihar 和 Shalimar Bagh 的 Ramlilas 担任 vyās(歌手象征导演)。他一直是驻校艺术家,并在巴黎太阳剧院、哥伦比亚大学和牛津大学等机构担任客座教授。Sharma 目前是加州州立大学弗雷斯诺分校的传播与表演研究教授。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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