Executive SummaryThreats to the security of the UK are evolving with the changing nature of conflict and balance of power in the world. They are multiple and fragmented, and domestic and online as well as overseas in nature: principally state-based threats such as posed by Russian activity; terrorism; cyber-attacks; and serious organised crime. To respond, the United Kingdom will need flexible capabilities aimed at fostering infrastructural and societal resilience as much as conventional defence. Above all, the UK needs to focus on maintaining, promoting, and defending the international rules-based order, as represented by the UN and NATO among other institutions.The UK possesses significant assets to these ends, including its continuing status as one of eight acknowledged nuclear powers – a status that it should not abandon unilaterally; permanent membership of the UN Security Council; membership of the ‘Five Eyes' intelligence community; and its internationally respected armed forces.But effort and resources are required to support these commitments, for example in helping to encourage other European states to spend more on defence; in contributing to UN peace-keeping operations or other collaborative overseas actions; and most of all in ensuring that army and navy manpower is rebuilt. Two per cent of GDP is no longer sufficient for the proper defence of the nation. Even allowing for the demands of other parts of government, the target for defence spending should be raised in the next review to 2.2 per cent.The principal focus will need to be on efficiency and redeployment of resources as the current equipment-heavy procurement cycle comes to an end. In particular, investment needs to continue to be rebalanced towards new capabilities such as drone technology, offensive and defensive cyber and intelligence manpower.But, to avoid any weakening of the country's security, priority should be given to negotiating a new agreement on security and intelligence cooperation with its European allies to replace the arrangements it had within the EU.

中文翻译：

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更新安全和防御政策

执行摘要随着世界冲突和力量平衡性质的变化，对英国安全的威胁也在不断变化。它们是多重且分散的，具有国内和在线以及海外的性质：主要是基于国家的威胁，例如俄罗斯的活动；恐怖主义; 网络攻击；和严重的有组织犯罪。作为回应，英国将需要灵活的能力，旨在促进基础设施和社会复原力，就像常规防御一样。最重要的是，英国需要专注于维护、促进和捍卫以联合国和北约等机构为代表的基于规则的国际秩序。英国拥有实现这些目标的重要资产，包括其作为八个国家之一的持续地位承认核大国——不应单方面放弃的地位；联合国安理会常任理事国；“五眼”情报界的成员；及其在国际上受人尊敬的武装力量。但需要努力和资源来支持这些承诺，例如帮助鼓励其他欧洲国家在国防上花费更多；为联合国维和行动或其他海外合作行动做出贡献；最重要的是确保重建陆军和海军的人力。GDP 的 2% 不再足以保卫国家。即使考虑到政府其他部门的要求，下一次审查中的国防开支目标也应提高到 2.2%。随着当前设备密集型采购周期的到来，主要关注点将是效率和资源的重新部署结束。特别是，