One hundred and ten years after the Persian (Iranian) constitution of 1906, the country is experiencing a serious water crisis. Blame is often attributed to the government’s mismanagement. This paper aims to throw light on the water-related laws and policies throughout Iran’s history to unravel the cause of this crisis from a legal perspective. This research provides a concise review on how the state’s development policies can be read through the water-relevant laws. To this end, the study defines and explores the laws through five chronological periods: (1) Codification, (2) Fast-paced Development and legislation, (3) Development and protection, (4) Development and Justice, (5) Back-to-Development. Along with highlighting the social, political, and economic background of each period, the key laws associated with water regulation are introduced and their implications on the development policies are discussed. This historical review provides us with insights about the question of why Iran is currently struggling with multiple challenges in the water sector, which are manifested as dried out rivers, disappearing lakes, and depleted groundwater.

中文翻译：

---

1906–2016年（地面）伊朗的水治理与法律发展

自1906年波斯（伊朗）宪法颁布110年后，该国正经历着严重的水危机。怪罪往往归因于政府管理不善。本文旨在阐明整个伊朗历史上与水有关的法律和政策，以从法律角度阐明这场危机的根源。这项研究简要概述了如何通过与水有关的法律来解读国家的发展政策。为此，本研究通过五个时间段来定义和探索法律：（1）编纂；（2）快速发展和立法；（3）发展与保护；（4）发展与正义；（5）发展。着重强调每个时期的社会，政治和经济背景，介绍了与水监管有关的主要法律，并讨论了它们对发展政策的影响。这项历史回顾为我们提供了有关伊朗为何在水领域目前正面临多重挑战的问题的见解，这些挑战表现为河流干,、湖泊消失，地下水枯竭。