Purpose Economies of scale drive container ship owners towards ordering larger vessels. Terminals need to ensure a safe (un)loading operation of these vessels, which can only be guaranteed if the mooring equipment is not overloaded (lines, fenders and bollards) and if the motions of the vessel remain below set limits, under external forces. This paper aims to focus on the passing vessel effect as a potential disturbing factor in the Port of Antwerp. Design/methodology/approach Motion criteria for allowing safe (un)loading of container vessels are established by considering the container handling process and existing international standards (PIANC). A case study simulation is presented where the behaviour of the moored vessel under ship passages is evaluated. Starting from a representative event, the effect of changes in passing speed and distance is discussed. Findings The study illustrates the influence of passing velocity and distance on the behaviour of the moored vessel, showing that when passing speeds are higher and/or distances lower than the reference event, safety limits are potentially exceeded. Possible mitigating measures, including the use of stiffer mooring lines and/or a change in arrangement, are discussed. Research limitations/implications This paper serves as a basis for future research on safety criteria and optimisation of the mooring equipment and configuration to deal with passing vessel effects. Practical implications The presented results can be used by ship and terminal designers to gain familiarity with passing vessel effects and adopt suggested best practice. Social implications By restricting the motions of the passing vessels, the focus and general well-being of the crane operator is enhanced, as is the safety of workers. Originality/value The paper provides a unique combination of container fleet observation, safety criteria establishment and case study application.

中文翻译：

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安特卫普港集装箱船（卸载）操作的安全性

目的规模经济推动集装箱船东订购大型船舶。码头需要确保这些船的安全（卸载）操作，只有在系泊设备未超载（绳索，护舷和系船柱）并且在外力作用下船的运动低于设定极限的情况下，才能保证这一点。本文旨在关注过往船只的影响，这是安特卫普港的潜在干扰因素。设计/方法/方法通过考虑集装箱装卸过程和现有的国际标准（PIANC），建立允许安全（卸载）集装箱船的运动标准。提出了一个案例研究模拟，其中对系泊船在船舶通道下的行为进行了评估。从代表事件开始 讨论了通过速度和距离变化的影响。研究结果说明了通过速度和距离对停泊船舶行为的影响，表明当通过速度高于和/或距离低于参考事件时，可能会超过安全极限。讨论了可能的缓解措施，包括使用更坚固的系泊缆和/或更改布置。研究的局限性/意义本文是将来进行安全性标准研究，优化系泊设备和结构以应对过往船只影响的基础。实际意义船舶和码头设计者可以使用本文提出的结果来熟悉过去船只的影响并采用建议的最佳实践。社会意义通过限制过往船只的运动，起重机操作员的工作重点和总体福祉得到了提高，工人的安全也得到了提高。原创性/价值本文提供了集装箱船队观察，安全标准建立和案例研究应用的独特组合。