Prospective memory, which is the ability to remember to do something in the future, is strongly linked to gender stereotypes. Women are expected to play a mnemonic role in romantic heterosexual couples and be successful in prospective memory tasks. Our purpose was to test whether stereotypical expectations manifest in gender differences in remembering to perform intended actions. Furthermore, we investigated whether these differences manifest only when participants are in a relationship with an other-gender partner which puts women under higher social pressure to be effective in prospective remembering. Forty Polish women (20 in relationship, 20 out of relationship) and 40 Polish men (18 in relationship, 22 out of relationship) were asked to send a SMS text to the experimenter every day for 7 consecutive days. As predicted, a female advantage in performance was found only for participants who were in a relationship, with no gender differences among those who were not. Of particular interest was that women who were in a relationship performed better compared to women without partners. In contrast, men performed worse if they were in a relationship compared to when they did not have a partner. Implications are discussed for how gender inequalities in prospective remembering can be tackled by educators in secondary schools and psychologists who conduct premarital workshops, as well as how they can be used by couple psychotherapists to deal with crises related to the division of labor in a couple.

中文翻译：

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记住要做的事情的性别差异取决于伙伴关系

前瞻性记忆，即记住将来要做某事的能力，与性别刻板印象密切相关。女性应该在浪漫的异性恋伴侣中扮演助记符的角色，并在前瞻记忆任务中取得成功。我们的目的是测试刻板印象是否体现在记住执行预期行为的性别差异中。此外，我们调查了这些差异是否仅在参与者与其他性别的伴侣建立关系时才会出现，这使女性处于更高的社会压力下才能有效地进行前瞻性记忆。40 名波兰女性（20 名恋爱中的，20 名恋爱中的）和 40 名波兰男性（18 名恋爱中的，22 名恋爱中的）被要求每天向实验者发送短信，连续 7 天。正如预测的那样，仅在恋爱中的参与者中发现女性在表现上的优势，未恋爱的参与者之间没有性别差异。特别令人感兴趣的是，与没有伴侣的女性相比，有恋爱关系的女性表现更好。相比之下，与没有伴侣时相比，处于恋爱关系中的男性表现更差。讨论了中学教育工作者和举办婚前研讨会的心理学家如何解决前瞻性记忆中的性别不平等问题，以及夫妻心理治疗师如何使用它们来处理与夫妻分工相关的危机。特别令人感兴趣的是，与没有伴侣的女性相比，有恋爱关系的女性表现更好。相比之下，与没有伴侣时相比，处于恋爱关系中的男性表现更差。讨论了中学教育工作者和举办婚前研讨会的心理学家如何解决前瞻性记忆中的性别不平等问题，以及夫妻心理治疗师如何使用它们来处理与夫妻分工相关的危机。特别令人感兴趣的是，与没有伴侣的女性相比，有恋爱关系的女性表现更好。相比之下，与没有伴侣时相比，处于恋爱关系中的男性表现更差。讨论了中学教育工作者和举办婚前研讨会的心理学家如何解决前瞻性记忆中的性别不平等问题，以及夫妻心理治疗师如何使用它们来处理与夫妻分工相关的危机。