Previous scholarship shows that cisgender women are more likely to have confidants than cisgender men and that the latter are more likely to have confidants outside the family and keep spheres (e.g., friends versus family) separate. Growing evidence shows these confidant patterns shift in older age. A common though untested explanation for these patterns is that gender ideologies preconfigure how people seek confidants. We address the lack of direct tests by analyzing a cohort of 5487 U.S. older women and men from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Survey, which administered the Hegemonic Masculinity for Older Men Scale. We find that men have significantly lower odds than women do of having any confidant and of having both friends and family members as confidants. Among men, greater endorsement of hegemonic masculinity significantly lowered both odds. Of those with only one confidant type, women were more likely than men to nominate a family member over a friend. Among men, their endorsement of hegemonic masculinity was unrelated to their likelihood of nominating a family member over a friend. Findings show support for, but also the limitations of, assuming gender ideology explains confidant patterns. Future scholarship can work toward addressing how hegemonic masculinity inhibits social relations, particularly in older age.

中文翻译：

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警告：霸权男子气概可能并不像你认为的老年男性的知己模式那么重要

先前的研究表明，顺性别女性比顺性别男性更有可能拥有知己，而顺性别男性更有可能拥有家庭之外的知己，并且将领域（例如，朋友与家人）分开。越来越多的证据表明，这些知己模式会随着年龄的增长而发生变化。对这些模式的一个常见但未经检验的解释是，性别意识形态预先设定了人们寻找知己的方式。我们通过分析来自威斯康星州纵向调查的 5487 名美国老年女性和男性的队列来解决缺乏直接测试的问题，该调查管理老年男性的霸权男性气质量表。我们发现，男性拥有任何知己以及拥有朋友和家人作为知己的几率明显低于女性。在男性中，对霸权男子气概的更多认可显着降低了这两种可能性。在只有一种知己类型的人中，女性比男性更有可能提名家人而不是朋友。在男性中，他们对霸权男子气概的认可与他们提名家人而不是朋友的可能性无关。调查结果表明，假设性别意识形态可以解释知己模式，但也支持这种假设。未来的学术研究可以致力于解决霸权男子气概如何抑制社会关系，尤其是在老年时期。