School misconduct is a threat to educational careers and learning. The present study sheds light on why male adolescents in particular are prone to school misconduct. Qualitative research has argued that male adolescents’ construction of masculinity is a factor driving their school misbehavior. We examined the role of felt pressure to conform to gender stereotypes in predicting school misconduct among male and female adolescents. Data were provided by a three-wave panel study encompassing more than 4200 Flemish early adolescents (ages 12–14). Three-level growth curve models showed that male adolescents misbehaved more in school than female adolescents did. Male adolescents also demonstrated a steeper increase in school misconduct than female adolescents. Furthermore, greater felt gender conformity pressure predicted an increase in school misconduct in male adolescents but not in female adolescents. We conclude that school misconduct forms part of an enactment of masculine gender identity with detrimental consequences for male adolescents’ educational achievement.

中文翻译：

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当性别刻板印象让男性青少年陷入困境时：关于性别从众压力作为学校不当行为预测因素的纵向研究

学校的不当行为是对教育事业和学习的威胁。本研究阐明了为什么男性青少年特别容易出现学校不端行为。定性研究认为，男性青少年的男子气概是导致他们学校行为不端的一个因素。我们研究了遵循性别刻板印象的压力在预测男女青少年学校不当行为方面的作用。数据由一项包含 4200 多名佛兰德早期青少年（12-14 岁）的三波小组研究提供。三级增长曲线模型表明，男性青少年在学校的行为不端多于女性青少年。与女性青少年相比，男性青少年在学校不当行为方面的增加也更为显着。此外，更大的性别从众压力预示着男性青少年的学校不当行为会增加，但女性青少年不会。我们得出结论，学校的不当行为是男性性别认同制定的一部分，对男性青少年的教育成就产生不利影响。