Abstract: In 1968, in response to lackluster US support for Republic of Korea (ROK) military modernization amid rising North Korean threats, the Park Chung Hee regime (1961–1979) instituted the policy of “self-reliant national defense,” or chaju kukpang, which was centered on building a national defense industry in the 1970s. The wide-ranging impact of this policy is examined, including the way that it reshaped the US-ROK alliance. Previous studies of ROK military modernization have focused largely on the dominating influences of US arms transfers and military aid, but these studies have not acknowledged the full extent to which South Korea’s proactive measures challenged US restrictions throughout the 1970s. The present study taps recently declassified sources from both the US and Korea and argues that distinct strategies of ROK arms production—including Park’s chaju kukpang initiatives, heavy and chemical industrialization (HCI), and mobilization of chaebŏl—along with US factors, elicited significant concessions in US policy on Korea. By examining particular forces of the ROK defense industry that impacted US-ROK relations, it is then further argued that past studies on the US-ROK relationship based on a patron-client model have failed to elucidate dialectics in the relationship that remained in constant flux throughout the 1970s, as the Park regime actively resisted dependency on US patronage for arms. Most significantly, by initiating independent military programs the ROK swayed US policy to favor Korea’s defense development and program for building a self-reliant national defense.

中文翻译：

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超越赞助人和客户：1968-1979年朴正熙在韩国独立国防工业发展中美韩关系辩证法的历史化

摘要：1968 年，在朝鲜威胁不断增加的情况下，美国对大韩民国（ROK）军事现代化的支持乏力，朴正熙政权（1961-1979）制定了“自立国防”政策。 1970年代以建设国防工业为中心的国宝。审查了这项政策的广泛影响，包括它重塑美韩联盟的方式。先前对韩国军事现代化的研究主要集中在美国武器转让和军事援助的主导影响上，但这些研究并未全面承认韩国的积极措施在整个 1970 年代挑战了美国的限制。本研究利用美国和韩国最近解密的消息来源，并认为韩国武器生产的不同战略——包括朴槿惠的 chaju kukpang 倡议、重化工业化 (HCI) 和动员 chaebŏl——以及美国因素，引起了重大让步美国对韩政策。通过研究影响美韩关系的韩国国防工业的特殊力量，然后进一步认为，过去基于赞助人 - 客户模型的美韩关系研究未能阐明这种关系中的辩证法，这种关系一直在不断变化整个 1970 年代，因为朴槿惠政权积极抵制对美国武器赞助的依赖。最重要的是，