The paper examines the relationship between ownership concentrations and tax avoidance for small–medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. With a panel dataset built from small- and medium-sized enterprise surveys over the period between 2013 and 2014, we find that SMEs with concentrated ownership have a negative association with tax avoidance. The result is more pronounced for SMEs headquartered in states/provinces with stronger economic and institutional environment. The results also indicate that for any two SMEs with similar levels of ownership concentration, the SME with higher capital needs is more likely to avoid taxes.

中文翻译：

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所有权结构和避税：来自印度中小企业的证据

本文研究了印度中小型企业 (SME) 的所有权集中度与避税之间的关系。通过 2013 年至 2014 年期间中小企业调查构建的面板数据集，我们发现所有权集中的中小企业与避税负相关。对于总部位于经济和制度环境较好的州/省的中小企业来说，这一结果更为明显。结果还表明，对于任何两个所有权集中度相似的中小企业，资本需求较高的中小企业更有可能避税。