Abstract In recent years, labor markets have experienced a polarization phenomenon, with the rise of low-skill and high-skill workers, and a decline in the number of middle-skill workers. The polarization of the labor market has been most often investigated in the US, UK, and some European countries. This paper shows the changes in the employment structure in all EU countries between 2008 and 2017. Attention is also paid to the Czech Republic and change during 1993 and 2017. The added value of the article lies in two factors. The first is the division of skills by industry in which the worker is located and not by occupational classification, the second is an explicit view of the Czech Republic. The results provide some evidence about the polarization of the labor market in twenty-one EU countries. Results imply polarization also in the Czech Republic during a longer period, because the number of high-skilled and low-skilled workers increased by 6.63 p. p. and by 1.16 p. p. respectively, at the expense of middle-skilled workers.

中文翻译：

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欧洲就业结构的变化：两极分化问题

摘要近年来，劳动力市场经历了两极分化现象，低技能和高技能工人的数量增加，中技能工人的数量减少。劳动力市场的两极分化在美国，英国和一些欧洲国家中经常被调查。本文显示了2008年至2017年间所有欧盟国家的就业结构的变化。还应注意捷克共和国以及1993年至2017年的变化。本文的附加价值在于两个因素。第一个是按工人所在行业的技能划分，而不是按职业分类，第二个是捷克共和国的明确看法。结果提供了有关21个欧盟国家劳动力市场两极化的一些证据。