The twentieth century was a time of massive upheaval in the intellectual, theological and architectural spheres of society. Two world wars, massive post-war population growth and a building boom coincided with the Second Vatican Council and the liturgical movement within the Christian churches, and encountered the modern movement in architecture. This prompted a demand for a re-evaluation of church building design. In Brisbane, new approaches to church building design emerged in the 1960s, with widely divergent results. The architects, denominations and church parishes within the city - although all sought to address liturgical change and emphasise the active participation of the congregation in the services - held different opinions on how the quintessential church characteristics, immanence and transcendence, could be adapted to modern times. Analysing three exemplary Christian churches in Brisbane, this article demonstrates how in each of these designs their architects sought to evoke immanence and transcendence in a decisively new and modern manner, seeking inspiration from progressive ideas in Europe, Britain and America while striving to create buildings suited to the climate of South-East Queensland. Liturgical change, modern architecture and regional climate considerations provided compounding opportunities to rethink church design from first principles.

中文翻译：

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1960 年代的布里斯班教堂建筑：创造现代、气候和区域对礼仪变化的回应

二十世纪是社会知识、神学和建筑领域发生巨大动荡的时期。两次世界大战、战后大规模人口增长和建筑热潮恰逢梵蒂冈第二次大公会议和基督教教堂内的礼仪运动，并遇到了现代建筑运动。这促使人们需要重新评估教堂建筑设计。在布里斯班，1960 年代出现了新的教堂建筑设计方法，结果大相径庭。城市内的建筑师、教派和教堂教区——尽管都试图解决礼仪变化并强调会众积极参与服务——对于如何使典型的教堂特征、内在性和超越性适应现代时代持有不同意见. 本文分析了布里斯班的三个模范基督教教堂，展示了他们的建筑师如何在每一个设计中以果断的新现代方式唤起内在性和超越性，从欧洲、英国和美国的进步思想中寻求灵感，同时努力创造适合的建筑。昆士兰东南部的气候。礼仪变化、现代建筑和区域气候考虑为从首要原则重新思考教堂设计提供了复合机会。英国和美国同时努力建造适合昆士兰东南部气候的建筑。礼仪变化、现代建筑和区域气候考虑为从首要原则重新思考教堂设计提供了复合机会。英国和美国同时努力建造适合昆士兰东南部气候的建筑。礼仪变化、现代建筑和区域气候考虑为从首要原则重新思考教堂设计提供了复合机会。