Abstract The Mani Peninsula is home to hundreds of Orthodox Christian churches that were built within the last millennium. As in other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean countryside, the topological relationship between churches and settlements is a critical factor in understanding the significance of the sacred landscape. Many churches are situated in the central part of a village or on its very edge, but others – what are referred to as “outlying churches” or exokklisia – are built at great distances away. In this paper, we make the first attempt to assess the spatial relationship between the spaces where people worshipped (the churches) and the spaces where they lived (the settlements) at a regional scale, focused specifically on the Middle Byzantine period and later (mid-9th century CE to the present day). Comparing these patterns across the Byzantine, Ottoman, and Modern periods allows us to frame Mani’s sacred infrastructure within a changing, diachronic perspective. The results point to a change in the topological relationship between church and settlement that is best described as the “nucleation of the sacred landscape.”

中文翻译：

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希腊南部玛尼半岛教堂的探索性空间分析

摘要玛尼半岛（Mani Peninsula）拥有近百年来建造的数百座东正教教堂。与东地中海乡村的其他地区一样，教堂与住区之间的拓扑关系是理解神圣景观重要性的关键因素。许多教堂都位于村庄的中部或其边缘，但其他教堂（被称为“外围教堂”或“ exokklisia”）则距离很远。在本文中，我们首次尝试在区域范围内评估人们敬拜的空间（教堂）和他们居住的空间（住区）之间的空间关系，重点是拜占庭中期和以后（中期）公元-9世纪到今天）。比较拜占庭时期，奥斯曼帝国时期和现代时期的这些模式，可以使我们从一个历时变幻莫测的角度来构建玛尼的神圣基础设施。结果表明，教堂与定居点之间的拓扑关系发生了变化，这种变化最好描述为“神圣景观的成核”。