Twenty-one ritual deposits have been found in and around cabin sites along the slave street on the former Hume Plantation on Cat Island, South Carolina. Earliest deposits date back to the eighteenth century; however, evidence suggests ritual activity, known as conjure practices or hoodoo, continued after the Civil War among the emancipated Africans who chose to stay. The aim of this article is to present an alternative viewpoint that not all interpretations of enslaved African ritual activity or repurposed artifacts must be viewed through the lens of “resistance” but can be an expression of African agency to define new and multivariant spiritualties in light of changing identities, historical contexts, and value systems. These adaptations incorporated notions of social class and hierarchy as well as expanded spiritual symbolism from exposure to and interaction with Europeans and Native Americans. The result was a formation of religious syncretism.

中文翻译：

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被奴役的非洲人在南卡罗来纳州休姆种植园召唤和祭祀

在南卡罗来纳州猫岛的前休姆种植园沿奴隶街的小屋遗址内和周围发现了 21 个仪式沉积物。最早的矿床可以追溯到 18 世纪。然而，有证据表明，在内战之后，选择留下来的解放的非洲人继续进行仪式活动，即变法或不祥之物。本文的目的是提出另一种观点，即并非所有对被奴役的非洲仪式活动或重新利用的文物的解释都必须通过“抵抗”的视角来看待，但可以作为非洲机构的一种表达，以根据不断变化的身份、历史背景和价值体系。这些改编融合了社会阶级和等级制度的概念，以及因接触欧洲人和美洲原住民并与之互动而扩展的精神象征。结果形成了宗教融合。