Abstract The African borders established in Berlin in 1884–85, at the peak of Cecil John Rhodes’ South African ambitions, were functional to the main five colonial-imperial powers, but certainly not to African societies then, nor to future generations. The residues of Rhodes’ settler-colonial racism and extractive-oriented looting include major cities such as Johannesburg, which are witnessing worse inequality and desperation, even a quarter of a century after apartheid fell in 1994. In South Africa’s financial capital, Johannesburg, a combination of post-apartheid neoliberalism and regional subimperial hegemony amplified xenophobic tendencies to the boiling point in 2019. Not only could University of Cape Town students tear down the hated campus statue of Rhodes, but the vestiges of his ethnic divide-and-conquer power could be swept aside. Rhodes did “fall,” in March 2015, but the South African working class and opportunistic politicians took no notice of the symbolic act, and instead began to raise Rhodes’ border walls ever higher, through ever more violent xenophobic outbreaks. Ending the populist predilection towards xenophobia will require more fundamental changes to the inherited political economy, so that the deep structural reasons for xenophobia are ripped out as convincingly as were the studs holding down Rhodes’ Cape Town statue.

中文翻译：

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在南非，“Rhodes Must Fall”（罗德城墙会升起）

摘要 1884-85 年在柏林建立的非洲边界，正值塞西尔·约翰·罗德 (Cecil John Rhodes) 南非野心的顶峰，对五个主要的殖民帝国起作用，但肯定不会对当时的非洲社会，也不会对后代起作用。罗得岛的殖民殖民种族主义和以榨取为导向的掠夺的残余包括约翰内斯堡等主要城市，这些城市正在见证更严重的不平等和绝望，即使在 1994 年种族隔离制度结束后的四分之一个世纪。 在南非的金融首都约翰内斯堡，种族隔离后的新自由主义和区域次帝国霸权的结合将仇外倾向放大到了 2019 年的沸点。 开普敦大学的学生不仅可以拆除令人讨厌的罗德校园雕像，而且他的种族分而治之权力的遗迹可能被扫到一边。罗德确实在 2015 年 3 月“倒下”，但南非工人阶级和投机取巧的政治家并未注意到这一象征性行为，而是开始通过更加暴力的仇外爆发将罗德的边界墙抬得更高。结束民粹主义对仇外心理的偏爱将需要对继承的政治经济进行更根本的改变，以便像压住罗德的开普敦雕像的钉子一样令人信服地消除仇外心理的深层结构原因。