Efavirenz (EFV) is a well-known, effective anti-retroviral drug long used in first-line treatment for children and adults with HIV and HIV/AIDS. Due to its narrow window of effective concentrations, between 1 and 4 μg/mL, and neurological side effects at supratherapeutic levels, several investigations into the pharmacokinetics of the drug and its genetic underpinnings have been carried out, primarily with adult samples. A number of studies, however, have examined the genetic influences on the metabolism of EFV in children. Their primary goal has been to shed light on issues of appropriate pediatric dosing, as well as the manifestation of neurotoxic effects of EFV in some children. Although EFV is currently being phased out of use for the treatment of both adults and children, we share this line of research to highlight an important aspect of medical treatment that is relevant to understanding the development of children diagnosed with HIV.

中文翻译：

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Efavirenz代谢在儿童中的药理学研究：长期抗逆转录病毒治疗对儿童发育的潜在遗传和医学贡献

Efavirenz（EFV）是一种众所周知的有效抗逆转录病毒药物，长期用于一线治疗艾滋病毒和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的儿童和成人。由于其有效浓度范围在1至4μg/ mL之间的窗口狭窄，并且在治疗上具有神经副作用，因此已经对该药物的药代动力学及其遗传基础进行了一些研究，主要是针对成人样品。然而，许多研究检查了遗传因素对儿童EFV代谢的影响。他们的主要目标是阐明适当的儿科剂量问题，以及某些儿童中EFV的神经毒性作用。尽管EFV目前已不再用于成人和儿童的治疗，