Abstract Perception is strongly shaped by the actions we perform. According to the theory of event coding, and forward models of motor control, goal-directed action preparation activates representations of desired effects. These expectations about the precise stimulus identity of one’s action-outcomes (i.e. identity predictions) are thought to selectively influence perceptual processing of action-contingent effects. However, the existing evidence for such identity-prediction effects is scarce and mixed. Here, we developed a new paradigm to capture such effects and examined whether action-outcome predictions can bias the perception of binocular onset rivalry (Experiments 1a and 1b) and bistable motion (Experiment 2). Participants performed learning tasks in which they were exposed to action-outcome associations. On test trials, actions were followed by bistable stimuli that could be perceived as being either congruent or incongruent with the aforementioned associations (i.e. rivalrous oriented gratings in Experiments 1a and 1b and spheres with ambiguous rotation directions in Experiment 2). Across three experiments, we show that, whilst exposure to action-effect associations can bias the apparent motion direction of ambiguous spheres, it fails to influence perceptual selection of grating orientations in binocular onset rivalry. This pattern of results extends previous work on ambiguous motion by demonstrating that action-induced modulations do not generalize to all types of bistable percepts.

中文翻译：

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行动效果预期对双稳态知觉的影响：对抗和动作模糊之间的差异

摘要感知受我们执行的动作的强烈影响。根据事件编码理论和运动控制的正向模型，目标导向的动作准备可以激活所需效果的表示。这些关于一个人的行动结果的精确刺激身份的期望（即身份预测）被认为有选择地影响对行动偶然效应的知觉处理。但是，有关这种身份预测效果的现有证据很少，而且混杂不清。在这里，我们开发了一个新的范式来捕捉这种影响，并研究了行动结果预测是否会偏向双眼发作竞争（实验1a和1b）和双稳态运动（实验2）。参与者执行了学习任务，使他们接触到行动成果协会。在测试中 动作之后是双稳态刺激，可以被认为与上述关联完全一致或不一致（例如，实验1a和1b中取向相反的光栅以及实验2中旋转方向不明确的球体）。在三个实验中，我们表明，尽管暴露于动作效果关联可能会使模棱两可的球体的表观运动方向产生偏差，但它无法影响双眼发作竞争中光栅方向的感知选择。这种结果模式证明了动作诱导的调制并不能推广到所有类型的双稳态感知器，从而扩展了先前关于歧义运动的工作。实验1a和1b中具有相反方向的光栅以及实验2中旋转方向不明确的球体。在三个实验中，我们表明，尽管暴露于动作效果关联可能会使模棱两可的球体的表观运动方向产生偏差，但它无法影响双眼发作竞争中光栅方向的感知选择。这种结果模式证明了动作诱导的调制并不能推广到所有类型的双稳态感知器，从而扩展了先前关于歧义运动的工作。实验1a和1b中具有相反方向的光栅以及实验2中旋转方向不明确的球体。在三个实验中，我们表明，尽管暴露于动作效果关联可能会使模棱两可的球体的表观运动方向产生偏差，但它无法影响双眼发作竞争中光栅方向的感知选择。这种结果模式证明了动作诱导的调制并不能推广到所有类型的双稳态感知器，从而扩展了先前关于歧义运动的工作。