Abstract Body ownership is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness that reflects more than the presence of physical body parts. As demonstrated by the rubber hand illusion (RHI), human brains construct body ownership experiences using available multisensory information. Experimental conditions similar to those that induce the RHI in humans have been recently adapted to induce the rubber tail illusion (RTI) in mice. Here, we show that the RTI is enhanced in both sexes of mice by repetitive synchronous stroking comprised of correlated visual and tactile stimulation of real and rubber tails compared to visual-only mimicked stroking conducted without tactile stimulation. The RTI also appears to be enhanced in female but not male mice by slow compared to fast stroking that reflects an interoceptive manipulation associated with affective touch in humans. Sex differences in slow stroking effects are exploratory and require replication in mice. Sex differences have not been reported for the RHI in healthy humans, but women rate slow stroking as more affectively pleasant compared to the ratings of men. Results suggest that the RHI in humans resembles aspects of the RTI in mice. Studies of mice may therefore provide neurobiological insights on evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness in humans.

中文翻译：

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小鼠身体所有权的多感觉调节

摘要身体所有权是自我意识的基本方面，它反映的不仅是身体各部位的存在。正如橡胶手幻觉（RHI）所证明的那样，人脑使用可用的多感官信息来构造身体拥有的体验。与诱导人类RHI的实验条件相似的实验条件最近已适应于在小鼠中诱导橡胶尾巴错觉（RTI）。在这里，我们表明，与不带触觉刺激的仅视觉模仿的抚摸相比，通过重复同步抚摸（包括对真实尾巴和橡胶尾巴的相关视觉和触觉刺激），RTI会在两种性别的小鼠中得到增强。与快中风相比，RTI似乎在雌性小鼠中得到了增强，但在雄性小鼠中却没有得到增强，这反映出与人类情感接触有关的感受性操纵。缓慢抚摸作用的性别差异是探索性的，需要在小鼠中复制。对于健康人，RHI尚无性别差异的报道，但与男性的评级相比，女性对缓慢的抚摸感到更愉快。结果表明，人类的RHI与小鼠的RTI相似。因此，对小鼠的研究可能会提供关于人类身体自我意识的进化保守机制的神经生物学见解。但是女性对慢行程的评价比男性对情感的愉悦程度更高。结果表明，人类的RHI与小鼠的RTI相似。因此，对小鼠的研究可能会为人类身体自我意识的进化保守机制提供神经生物学见解。但是女性对慢行程的评价比男性对情感的愉悦程度更高。结果表明，人类的RHI与小鼠的RTI相似。因此，对小鼠的研究可能会提供关于人类身体自我意识的进化保守机制的神经生物学见解。