Since Kaminaljuyu was first systematically excavated in the 1930s, the chronology of the site has been fraught with confusion and scholarly disagreement. In recent years, scholars generally adopted the chronology presented by Shook and Popenoe de Hatch (1999) as the most authoritative account. In 2014, however, Inomata and colleagues proposed a revision of this chronology by shifting its Preclassic portion (including the Las Charcas and Providencia phases) roughly 300 years later in time. In this article, we analyze a total of 108 radiocarbon dates with Bayesian statistics, tying them to detailed ceramic analysis. These dates include previously reported dates, measured after the year 2000, as well as 68 new radiocarbon dates obtained from Kaminaljuyu and nearby sites. The results largely support Inomata and coauthors’ (2014) revised Preclassic chronology, placing the Las Charcas–Providencia transition around 350 BC and the Providencia–Verbena transition around 75 BC. In addition, we present new dates on the Early Classic period, although some ambiguity remains for the Esperanza phase, when Teotihuacan-related elements were introduced to Kaminaljuyu. The revised chronology, combined with environmental data, suggests an explosive increase in population and construction activity during the Verbena and Arenal phases.

中文翻译：

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提炼 Kaminaljuyu 年代学：新的放射性碳年代、贝叶斯分析和陶瓷研究

自 1930 年代首次系统挖掘卡米纳尔朱尤以来，该遗址的年表一直充满混乱和学术分歧。近年来，学者们普遍采用 Shook 和 Popenoe de Hatch（1999）提出的年表作为最权威的说法。然而，在 2014 年，Inomata 和他的同事提出了对这个年表的修订，将其前经典部分（包括拉斯查卡斯和普罗维登西亚阶段）及时转移到大约 300 年后。在本文中，我们使用贝叶斯统计分析了总共 108 个放射性碳年代，并将它们与详细的陶瓷分析联系起来。这些日期包括先前报告的日期，在 2000 年之后测量，以及从卡米纳尔朱尤和附近地点获得的 68 个新的放射性碳日期。结果在很大程度上支持了 Inomata 和合著者（2014 年）修订的前经典年表，将 Las Charcas-Providencia 过渡置于公元前 350 年左右，将 Providencia-Verbena 过渡置于公元前 75 年左右。此外，我们提供了早期经典时期的新日期，尽管在埃斯佩兰萨阶段仍存在一些模糊性，当时特奥蒂瓦坎相关元素被引入卡米纳尔朱尤。修订后的年表与环境数据相结合，表明马鞭草和阿雷纳尔阶段的人口和建筑活动呈爆炸式增长。当特奥蒂瓦坎相关元素被引入卡米纳尔朱尤时。修订后的年表与环境数据相结合，表明马鞭草和阿雷纳尔阶段的人口和建筑活动呈爆炸式增长。当特奥蒂瓦坎相关元素被引入卡米纳尔朱尤时。修订后的年表与环境数据相结合，表明马鞭草和阿雷纳尔阶段的人口和建筑活动呈爆炸式增长。