Understanding fertility variation among women helps identify individuals and communities with high reproductive performance that slows fertility transition especially for African countries. The aim of this study was to investigate individual and community factors influencing lifetime fertility/children ever born (CEB) in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). Using data from a onetime national representative demographic and health survey conducted in 2006–2007, this study goes beyond previous efforts by considering a broad range of individual and community factors that influences lifetime fertility and applying a supply–demand Easterlin–Crimmins model allowing for a multilevel framework. The results of a sequential multilevel (random intercept) Poisson regression suggest that the model was appropriate to account for overdispersed CEB data. All multilevel models found significant, but small, lifetime fertility variation across communities/clusters. While lifetime fertility variation decreased significantly from the empty model to the final model after controlling for a range of individual and community, it does not entirely disappear indicating the local community may have some bearing on CEB. Further, this suggests compositional (individual demographic and socioeconomic) factors explained substantial, but not all of the variation. At individual-level, the results suggest a significant negative association of household wealth index, level of education, age at sexual debut and age at first birth with CEB. On the other hand, the incident of childbearing among women increased significantly with child loss, having high fertility norms (5 or more children), being married, particularly in polygyny than monogamy unions, being employed and empowered. The compatibility of the latter two variables with childbearing contends with theory and warrants attention for future research. The results confirm the Easterlin–Crimmins model explain fertility behaviour reliably and demand (fertility norms) and supply (child loss) variables have good predictive value. At community level, women from rural communities had higher fertility than from urban ones. Overall, lifetime fertility in Eswatini is strongly related to individual (compositional) characteristics and is unique for urban–rural communities.

了解妇女的生育能力差异有助于确定生殖能力高的个体和社区，这些个体和社区会减慢生育能力的转变，特别是对于非洲国家。本研究的目的是调查影响埃斯瓦蒂尼（前斯威士兰）终生生育能力/出生婴儿（CEB）的个人和社区因素。利用2006年至2007年进行的一次全国代表性人口与健康调查数据，本研究超越了以往的努力，考虑了影响终生生育力的广泛个人和社区因素，并应用了供需伊斯特林-克里姆明斯模型，从而实现了多层次框架。顺序多级（随机截距）泊松回归的结果表明，该模型适用于解释过度分散的CEB数据。所有多级模型均发现，社区/群体之间的生育率差异很大，但终生很小。在控制了一定范围的个体和社区后，虽然终生生育率变化从空模型到最终模型显着降低，但并未完全消失，表明当地社区可能对CEB有影响。此外，这表明构成因素（个人人口统计和社会经济因素）可以解释为实质性因素，但并非所有因素都可以解释。在个人层面上，结果表明CEB与家庭财富指数，受教育程度，初次性行为年龄和初生年龄呈显着负相关。另一方面，随着生育率的提高（生育率高（5个或5个以上的孩子）），结婚，特别是在一夫多妻制中，而不是一夫一妻制工会中，被雇用并被赋予权力。后两个变量与生育的相容性与理论相抵触，值得今后的研究关注。结果证实了Easterlin–Crimmins模型可以可靠地解释生育行为，需求（生育规范）和供给（失子）变量具有良好的预测价值。在社区一级，农村社区的妇女的生育率比城市妇女高。总体而言，埃斯瓦蒂尼的一生生育率与个人（构成）特征密切相关，并且是城乡社区所独有的。结果证实了Easterlin-Crimmins模型能够可靠地解释生育行为，需求（生育规范）和供给（失子）变量具有良好的预测价值。在社区一级，农村社区的妇女的生育率比城市妇女高。总体而言，埃斯瓦蒂尼的一生生育率与个人（构成）特征密切相关，并且是城乡社区所独有的。结果证实了Easterlin-Crimmins模型能够可靠地解释生育行为，需求（生育规范）和供给（失子）变量具有良好的预测价值。在社区一级，农村社区的妇女的生育率比城市妇女高。总体而言，埃斯瓦蒂尼的一生生育率与个人（构成）特征密切相关，并且对于城乡社区而言是独一无二的。