The various approaches to planning manifest the intellectual currents of a society. Dualities such as efficiency/community have been central to shaping contemporary planning. The quest for efficiency, the rational utilization of natural, built, and human capital, along with concern for community, the human needs and rootedness of local populations, has been an ongoing theme. We explore that duality in the context of rural regional development and how it shifted from complementary to either/or in the United States from the turn of the twentieth century through the Great Depression and the onset of World War II.

中文翻译：

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规划兴起中的效率/社区二元性：以农村区域发展为例

规划的各种方法体现了一个社会的智力潮流。效率/社区等双重性对于塑造当代规划至关重要。对效率，对自然，建筑和人力资本的合理利用以及对社区，人类需求和当地居民生根的关注一直是一个持续的主题。我们探索了农村地区发展背景下的二元性，以及从二十世纪初到大萧条和第二次世界大战爆发时，二元性如何从互补性转变为美国或非美国性。