This conceptual analysis centers two historical periods in which Black communities in the United States secured educational rights for themselves in spite of (not because of) intervention from the federal government. Drawing from the Critical Race Theory, the authors argue that Reconstruction and the post-Brown era offer valuable lessons for school leaders today about the ability—and even need—to operate autonomously from formal channels. The authors feature lessons from Reconstruction and Brown regarding self-reliance, community control, and the hard-won victories whose benefits extended far beyond the Black community itself. The authors conclude with implications for school leaders.

中文翻译：

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不受奴役的十二年：当代学校领导者的重建和布朗的教训

这个概念分析集中在两个历史时期，在这两个历史时期，尽管（不是因为）联邦政府的干预，美国的黑人社区还是为自己争取了教育权利。根据批判种族理论，作者认为重建和后布朗时代为今天的学校领导者提供了宝贵的经验教训，让他们了解从正式渠道自主运作的能力——甚至需要——。作者从重建和布朗中汲取了关于自力更生、社区控制以及来之不易的胜利的教训，这些胜利的好处远远超出了黑人社区本身。作者总结了对学校领导的影响。