Alternative logics have been invoked periodically to explain the systematically different modes of thought of the subjects of ethnography: one logic for ‘us’ and another for ‘them’. Recently anthropologists have cast doubt on the tenability of such an explanation of difference. In cognitive science, [Stenning and van Lambalgen, 2008] proposed that with the modern development of multiple logics, at least several logics are required for making sense of the cognitive processes of reasoning for different purposes and in different contexts. Alongside Classical logic ( CL ) — the logic of dispute), there is a need for a nonmonotonic logic ( LP ) which is a logic of cooperative communication. Here we propose that all people with various cultural backgrounds make use of multiple logics, and that difference should be captured as variation in the social contexts that call forth the different logics’ application. This contribution illustrates these ideas with reference to the ethnography of divination.

中文翻译：

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寻求认知科学与人种学之间的共同原因：合作行动中的替代逻辑

定期调用替代逻辑来解释人种学主题的系统化不同思维方式：一种逻辑适用于“我们”，另一种逻辑适用于“他们”。最近，人类学家对这种差异解释的持久性产生了怀疑。在认知科学中，[Stenning and van Lambalgen，2008]提出，随着多元逻辑的现代发展，至少需要几种逻辑才能理解出于不同目的和在不同情境中进行推理的认知过程。除了古典逻辑（CL）（争议逻辑）之外，还需要一种非单调逻辑（LP），它是一种协作通信的逻辑。在这里，我们建议所有具有不同文化背景的人都使用多种逻辑，并且，这种差异应作为引起不同逻辑应用的社会环境中的变化来捕捉。这篇贡献参考了占卜的民族志说明了这些想法。