Using 2015 Canadian time diary data, we analyse how the gender gap in market work hours is linked to gender inequality in parenting time and household labour hours (N = 2,296). Among Canadians who are 15–34 years of age, we examine three family groupings, single without children, married without children and married with children. For the married with children group, we focus on respondents with at least one child aged 0–4 years. We find that the gender gap in market work is not significant for those single and married without children. For the married without children group, a gender gap exists for household labour. This suggests that a gender gap in household labour exists prior to the onset of children. As expected, a large gender gap in market work presents itself for married/common law respondents with young children. Half of the gender gap in market work is explained by household labour hours and parenting time. Our study demonstrates that time allocations contribute substantively to gender inequality in market work. Yet, the large unexplained part of the gap suggests that this issue is larger and more complex than mere bargaining decisions about domestic and market time.

JEL: I24, J13, J16, C10

使用2015年加拿大时间日记数据，我们分析了市场工作时间中的性别差距与育儿时间和家庭劳动时间中的性别不平等之间的联系（N = 2,296）。在15-34岁的加拿大人中，我们研究了三个家庭类别，即无子女的单身，无子女的已婚和有子女的已婚。对于已婚育儿小组，我们关注的是至少有一个0-4岁的孩子的受访者。我们发现，对于单身和没有子女的单身人士来说，市场工作中的性别差距并不明显。对于已婚无子女组，家庭劳动存在性别差距。这表明，在儿童发病之前，家务劳动中存在性别差异。不出所料，对于有小孩的已婚/习惯法被访者来说，市场工作中存在巨大的性别差距。市场工作中性别差距的一半是由家庭劳动时间和育儿时间来解释的。我们的研究表明，时间分配在很大程度上导致了市场工作中的性别不平等。然而，巨大的无法解释的差距部分表明，这个问题比仅仅就国内和市场时间进行讨价还价的决定更大，更复杂。

JEL：I24，J13，J16，C10