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Horror Vacui: Metaphysical Yogācāra Reaction to Madhyamaka Antimetaphysical Emptiness
Journal of Indian Philosophy Pub Date : 2020-02-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s10781-020-09425-2
Giuseppe Ferraro

In the first part of this paper I critically examine some of the main interpretations of “classical” Yogācāra philosophy of Maitreya(nātha), Asaṅga and Vasubandhu. Among these interpretations, based on extant textual and contextual data, I consider philologically unlikely both metaphysical-idealistic readings, which ascribe to these authors the view that ultimate reality is a mental or subjective stuff, and epistemological-idealistic readings which advocate that either Yogācāra suspends judgment on the existence of the extramental or that it maintains that the extramental exists in itself and ultimately. Instead, I consider more likely the thesis that classical Yogācāra upholds an epistemological idealism that, while admitting epistemological priority of the mental over the extramental, rules out the ultimate existence of both the former and the latter. This exclusion, however, does not amount to the exclusion of every metaphysics, but rather to the adoption of a metaphysics of emptiness conceived, in fact, as absence of the mental/extramental (or subject/object) dichotomy. In the second part of the paper this reading of classical Yogācāra is compared with the interpretation of Nāgārjuna’s philosophy that I elsewhere called “realistic antimetaphysical”, and I reach the conclusion that, while with respect to epistemology between early Madhyamaka and classical Yogācāra there is continuity, regarding metaphysics these two schools are deeply distinct and discontinuous: while Nāgārjuna conceives of emptiness as an extinction of any metaphysical view, Yogācāra emptiness actually presents itself as a metaphysical point of view.

中文翻译:

恐怖真空:形而上学瑜伽对中观反形而上空性的反应

在本文的第一部分中,我批判性地考察了弥勒 (nātha)、Asaṅga 和 Vasubandhu 的“古典”瑜伽哲学的一些主要解释。在这些解释中,基于现存的文本和上下文数据,我认为在语言学上不太可能既有形而上学-理想主义的解读,这些解读归因于这些作者的观点,即最终的现实是一种心理或主观的东西,而认识论-理想主义的解读则主张要么瑜伽暂停判断超精神的存在或它坚持认为超精神本身和最终存在。相反,我认为更可能的论点是古典瑜伽坚持一种认识论的唯心主义,虽然承认精神的认识论优先于精神外的,排除了前者和后者的终极存在。然而,这种排斥并不等于排斥每一种形而上学,而是采用了一种空性的形而上学,事实上,它被认为没有精神/外在(或主体/客体)二分法。在论文的第二部分,将这种经典瑜伽的解读与我在别处称为“现实的反形而上学”的龙树菩萨哲学的解释进行了比较,我得出的结论是,虽然在早期中观和经典瑜伽的认识论方面存在连续性,就形而上学而言,这两种流派是截然不同且不连续的:龙树菩萨将空性视为任何形而上学观点的灭绝,而瑜伽行空性实际上表现为一种形而上学观点。然而,这种排斥并不等于排斥每一种形而上学,而是采用了一种空性的形而上学,事实上,它被认为没有精神/外在(或主体/客体)二分法。在论文的第二部分,将这种经典瑜伽的解读与我在别处称为“现实的反形而上学”的龙树菩萨哲学的解释进行了比较,我得出的结论是,虽然在早期中观和经典瑜伽的认识论方面存在连续性,就形而上学而言,这两种流派是截然不同且不连续的:龙树菩萨将空性视为任何形而上学观点的灭绝,而瑜伽行空性实际上表现为一种形而上学观点。然而,这种排斥并不等于排斥每一种形而上学,而是采用了一种空性的形而上学,事实上,它被认为没有精神/外在(或主体/客体)二分法。在论文的第二部分,将这种经典瑜伽的解读与我在别处称为“现实的反形而上学”的龙树菩萨哲学的解释进行了比较,我得出的结论是,虽然在早期中观和经典瑜伽的认识论方面存在连续性,就形而上学而言,这两种流派是截然不同且不连续的:龙树菩萨将空性视为任何形而上学观点的灭绝,而瑜伽行空性实际上表现为一种形而上学观点。而是采用空性的形而上学,事实上,它被认为是没有精神/外在(或主体/客体)二分法。在论文的第二部分,将这种经典瑜伽的解读与我在别处称为“现实的反形而上学”的龙树菩萨哲学的解释进行了比较,我得出的结论是,虽然在早期中观和经典瑜伽的认识论方面存在连续性,就形而上学而言,这两种流派是截然不同且不连续的:龙树菩萨将空性视为任何形而上学观点的灭绝,而瑜伽行空性实际上表现为一种形而上学观点。而是采用空性的形而上学,事实上,它被认为是没有精神/外在(或主体/客体)二分法。在论文的第二部分,将这种经典瑜伽的解读与我在别处称为“现实的反形而上学”的龙树菩萨哲学的解释进行了比较,我得出的结论是,虽然在早期中观和经典瑜伽的认识论方面存在连续性,就形而上学而言,这两种流派是截然不同且不连续的:龙树菩萨将空性视为任何形而上学观点的灭绝,而瑜伽行空性实际上表现为一种形而上学观点。
更新日期:2020-02-25
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