This article places Friedrich Nietzsche’s call to trans-valuate values into a wider historical (and disciplinary) panorama, hearkening back to ethical orientations within both the Archaic and the Attic Greek world with respect to the unity of the virtues. It is argued that the unity of cognitive and bodily (i.e., erotic, athletic) excellence, so central to the Greek world, and culminating in Aristotle’s ethics, functioned inchoately as the measure according to which Nietzsche evaluated values. Extrapolating from the phenomenon of rival perceptions regarding the paradigmatic sculpture of Rodin’s The Thinker—both from the time of its creation and in our own day—the article concludes by suggesting that moral philosophies alienated from the demand of the unity of physical and cognitive virtues might indeed be subject to the devastating critique that Nietzsche had advanced. The egalitarian nature of these values and this critique, however, remains an open question.

中文翻译：

---

尼采奥德赛：论价值的转值

本文提出了弗里德里希·尼采的呼吁，将价值观转变为更广泛的历史（和学科）全景，并回溯到古希腊和阁楼希腊世界关于美德统一的道德取向。有人认为，认知和身体（即色情，运动）卓越的统一对希腊世界至关重要，并最终体现了亚里斯多德的伦理学，最初是尼采评估价值的一种手段。从关于罗丹的《思想家》范式雕塑的竞争者感知现象中推断出来的现象-无论是从其创立之时起，还是在我们今天的时代-该文章的结论都表明，与身体和认知美德的统一要求不同的道德哲学可能的确受到了尼采先进的毁灭性批评。这些价值观的平等性和这种批评仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。