We analyze Williamsburg, Virginia, builder Humphrey Harwood’s business ledger (1773–1793); a traditional businessman in a time of business innovation. He faced the problems of colonial businessmen: an insufficient money supply forced him to extend credit, creating re-payment problems and re-payment costs. Business practices managing these problems were becoming widespread. Harwood practiced none. This choice was expensive. Harwood extended large amounts of credit for extended periods of time, yet received 18 shillings per £1 of credit he extended. Harwood accepted whatever payment type his customers offered whenever offered. We hypothesize that social and cultural factors helped shaped his business practices.

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作者：牡蛎壳的猪头，毫无价值的旧牛车和鸭子：威廉斯堡砖厂汉弗莱哈伍德的经济世界

我们分析了弗吉尼亚州威廉斯堡的建筑商汉弗莱·哈伍德 (Humphrey Harwood) 的业务分类帐 (1773–1793)；商业创新时代的传统商人。他面临殖民地商人的问题：货币供应不足迫使他扩大信贷，造成还款问题和还款成本。管理这些问题的商业实践正变得普遍。哈伍德没有练习。这个选择很昂贵。哈伍德在很长一段时间内提供了大量信贷，但他每提供 1 英镑的信贷就能获得 18 先令。哈伍德接受客户提供的任何付款类型。我们假设社会和文化因素帮助塑造了他的商业实践。