The study area presented in this paper comprises two geographical entities in northern Upper Nubia located between the Second and the Third Cataract of the Nile River: Sai Island and the Amara West district, on the present left bank of the river. Four sites, three at Sai Island and one in the Amara West district, were excavated. They represent three distinct archaeological complexes, named Arkinian, Khartoum Variant, and Abkan, which encompass a long time period from ca. 11,000 to 6000 cal years BP (9000–4000 BC) and range from late foraging to early pastoralism. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating was applied to multiproxy materials in order to provide a frame of reference for this important chronological and economic period in this area. Different types of materials were selected, namely wood charcoal, charcoal tempers in pottery, ostrich eggshell, and aquatic gastropod shells. Twenty-four new AMS radiocarbon dates are presented to (a) cross-check the accuracy and reliability of the chronology of late foraging and early pastoral sites in our study area; (b) integrate, update, and revise the previously available radiometric dates; and (c) reconstruct a comprehensive framework of the chronology of late foraging and early pastoralism in Upper Nubia.

中文翻译：

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苏丹上努比亚从晚期觅食到早期牧区的多代理有机材料的高精度放射性碳测年应用

本文介绍的研究区域包括位于尼罗河第二和第三大瀑布之间的上努比亚北部的两个地理实体：赛岛和阿马拉西区，位于尼罗河现在的左岸。四个遗址被挖掘出来，三个在赛岛，一个在阿马拉西区。它们代表了三个不同的考古综合体，分别命名为 Arkinian、Khartoum Variant 和 Abkan，它们涵盖了从约 11,000 到 6000 卡年 BP（公元前 9000-4000 年），范围从晚期觅食到早期畜牧业。加速器质谱 (AMS) 放射性碳测年被应用于多代理材料，以便为该领域这个重要的年代和经济时期提供参考框架。选择了不同类型的材料，即木炭、陶器、鸵鸟蛋壳和水生腹足动物壳中的木炭回火。提出了 24 个新的 AMS 放射性碳日期，以 (a) 交叉检查我们研究区域内晚期觅食和早期牧区的年代学的准确性和可靠性；(b) 整合、更新和修订以前可用的辐射数据；(c) 重建上努比亚晚期觅食和早期畜牧业年表的综合框架。