In AD 1533, the Portuguese trade vessel Bom Jesus sunk off the coast of southern Namibia, near the modern town of Oranjemund. Coming from Lisbon on its way to western India, it contained a multifold load of naval equipment and commodities for trade and exchange. Amongst the excavated materials recovered from the presumed shipwreck of the Bom Jesus, of paramount importance are 1845 copper ingots, showing the trademark of the Fugger company from the Freie Reichsstadt of Augsburg, Germany. Historical accounts testify to massive copper and silver production of the Fugger-Thurzo company in the area of Neusohl in the Slovak Ore Mountains. Geochemical analyses of 60 copper ingots from the wreck show an extraordinarily homogeneous composition with appreciable concentrations of lead, silver, antimony, nickel, and arsenic indicating the smelting of fahlores. Lead was found to be added deliberately to the copper to extract silver by the Liquation Process. This technological innovation is one of the numerous hallmarks of the Renaissance period and the “Age of Discovery”. Lead isotope abundance ratios point to an origin from lead deposits in Cracow-Silesia. The ore districts of Neusohl and Cracow-Silesia were intensively connected to mining and metal production during the postmedieval period. This study forcefully shows the advantage of combined historical and natural science studies.

中文翻译：

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Bom Jesus 的沉船，公元 1533 年：纳米比亚的 Fugger Copper

公元 1533 年，葡萄牙商船 Bom Jesus 在纳米比亚南部海岸附近沉没，靠近现代城镇奥拉涅蒙德。从里斯本前往印度西部的途中，它包含了大量用于贸易和交换的海军装备和商品。在从推测的 Bom Jesus 沉船中恢复的挖掘材料中，最重要的是 1845 年的铜锭，显示了来自德国奥格斯堡 Freie Reichsstadt 的 Fugger 公司的商标。历史记载证明了 Fugger-Thurzo 公司在斯洛伐克矿石山脉 Neusohl 地区的大量铜和银生产。对沉船中 60 块铜锭的地球化学分析表明，其成分非常均匀，铅、银、锑、镍和砷的浓度相当可观，表明法洛尔的熔炼。发现铅被故意添加到铜中以通过液化过程提取银。这项技术创新是文艺复兴时期和“大发现时代”的众多标志之一。铅同位素丰度比表明来自克拉科夫-西里西亚的铅矿床。在后中世纪时期，Neusohl 和 Cracow-Silesia 的矿区与采矿和金属生产密切相关。本研究有力地展示了历史与自然科学相结合的研究优势。在后中世纪时期，Neusohl 和 Cracow-Silesia 的矿区与采矿和金属生产密切相关。本研究有力地展示了历史与自然科学相结合的研究优势。在后中世纪时期，Neusohl 和 Cracow-Silesia 的矿区与采矿和金属生产密切相关。本研究有力地展示了历史与自然科学相结合的研究优势。