S. D. Goitein left a tangible contribution in many areas relating to the cultural, economic, social, political, and legal history of classical Islam. With three monumental studies—the first volume of A Mediterranean Society, Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders, and India Traders—and numerous academic articles, he also left an indelible imprint on our understanding of the Islamic maritime heritage, providing his readers with a comprehensive overview of this realm, which extended from the Indian Ocean littoral to the eastern shores of the Atlantic, and laying the foundations for further exploration. This essay sheds light on two aspects of Islamic admiralty and maritime law through an examination of two documents published by Goitein in 1960s. The first document is an account statement describing the methods of paying freight charges practiced by shipowners and merchants; the second is a merchant letter discussing among other commercial transactions a point of case law that emerged at journey’s end in Alexandria between the agent of a ship’s proprietor and the merchants/shippers with whom he had contracted. The importance of the letter lies in its relation of a rare and early instance of a ship being assigned a juridical personality and being treated as a judicial entity in order to refund the merchants and shippers on the insolvency of the vessel’s owner.

中文翻译：

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Goitein、Geniza 以及伊斯兰海事法律和实践的各个方面

SD Goitein 在与古典伊斯兰教的文化、经济、社会、政治和法律历史相关的许多领域做出了切实贡献。凭借三篇具有里程碑意义的研究——地中海社会第一卷、中世纪犹太商人的来信和印度商人——以及众多学术文章，他还为我们对伊斯兰海洋遗产的理解留下了不可磨灭的印记，为他的读者提供了全面的概述这个领域，从印度洋沿岸延伸到大西洋东岸，为进一步探索奠定了基础。本文通过检查 Goitein 在 1960 年代出版的两份文件，阐明了伊斯兰海事法和海事法的两个方面。第一个文件是描述船东和商人实行的运费支付方式的帐单；第二个是商函，在其他商业交易中讨论了一个案例法点，该案例法出现在亚历山大港的旅程结束时，船东的代理人与与他签订合同的商人/托运人之间。这封信的重要性在于它关系到船舶被赋予法人资格并被视为司法实体以在船东破产时向商人和托运人退款的罕见和早期实例。第二个是商函，在其他商业交易中讨论了一个案例法点，该案例法出现在亚历山大港的旅程结束时，船东的代理人与与他签订合同的商人/托运人之间。这封信的重要性在于它关系到船舶被赋予法人资格并被视为司法实体，以便在船东破产时向商人和托运人退还款项的罕见和早期案例的关系。 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 第二个是商函，在其他商业交易中讨论了一个案例法点，该案例法出现在亚历山大港的旅程结束时，船东的代理人与与他签订合同的商人/托运人之间。这封信的重要性在于它关系到船舶被赋予法人资格并被视为司法实体以在船东破产时向商人和托运人退款的罕见和早期实例。