This essay assesses S. D. Goitein’s contributions to the study of domestic slavery and the slave trade in the medieval Middle East between the eleventh and the thirteenth centuries. As early as 1950, Goitein begin publishing documentary material from the Cairo Geniza that shed light on the lives of domestic slaves and enslaved factotums. In 1967, he published the first volume of his magnum opus, A Mediterranean Society, which included the chapter “Slaves and Slave Girls” along with detailed notes. Since its publication, the survey “Slaves and Slave Girls” has served as a crucial reference for the study of domestic slavery in the medieval Islamic world. Criticisms of Goitein’s writings on slavery are also explored here. First, his commitment to demonstrating the piety and humanism of Geniza society led Goitein to emphasize the positive treatment that slaves sometimes received and downplay the violence and exploitation also present. Second, he understated the importance of the Geniza documents and Jewish merchants’ activities for historians’ understanding of the slave trade. Ultimately, Goitein viewed his work on slavery, as he did A Mediterranean Society as a whole, as a provisional sketch. Indeed, his published work and research archive continue to provide an invaluable point of departure for new histories of slavery and related topics. This essay suggests avenues for future research on slavery in the medieval Islamic world.

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Goitein 与中世纪伊斯兰世界奴隶制的研究

本文评估 SD Goitein 对 11 至 13 世纪中世纪中东家庭奴隶制和奴隶贸易研究的贡献。早在 1950 年，Goitein 就开始出版来自开罗 Geniza 的纪录片资料，这些资料揭示了家庭奴隶和被奴役的混血儿的生活。1967 年，他出版了他的代表作《地中海社会》的第一卷，其中包括“奴隶和奴隶女孩”一章以及详细的注释。自出版以来，“奴隶和奴隶女孩”调查已成为研究中世纪伊斯兰世界家庭奴隶制的重要参考。这里也探讨了对戈伊因关于奴隶制的著作的批评。第一的，他致力于展示 Geniza 社会的虔诚和人道主义，这导致 Goitein 强调奴隶有时会受到积极对待，并淡化也存在的暴力和剥削。其次，他低估了 Geniza 文件和犹太商人的活动对于历史学家理解奴隶贸易的重要性。最终，Goitein 将他关于奴隶制的工作视为一个临时草图，就像他对整个地中海社会所做的一样。事实上，他出版的作品和研究档案继续为奴隶制和相关主题的新历史提供宝贵的出发点。这篇文章为未来研究中世纪伊斯兰世界的奴隶制提供了途径。他低估了 Geniza 文件和犹太商人的活动对于历史学家理解奴隶贸易的重要性。最终，Goitein 将他关于奴隶制的工作视为一个临时草图，就像他对整个地中海社会所做的一样。事实上，他出版的作品和研究档案继续为奴隶制和相关主题的新历史提供宝贵的出发点。这篇文章为未来研究中世纪伊斯兰世界的奴隶制提供了途径。他低估了 Geniza 文件和犹太商人的活动对于历史学家理解奴隶贸易的重要性。最终，Goitein 将他关于奴隶制的工作视为一个临时草图，就像他对整个地中海社会所做的一样。事实上，他出版的作品和研究档案继续为奴隶制和相关主题的新历史提供宝贵的出发点。这篇文章为未来研究中世纪伊斯兰世界的奴隶制提供了途径。