Bronia (Breyndl) Baum (1896–1947) was an Orthodox Jewish writer, activist, and journalist. She was born into a Hasidic family in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, moved to Piotrków Trybunalski in 1918, and then to Łódź. In 1925, she left Poland for the Land of Israel. Among poems and articles that she published in Yiddish papers were “Der Yud,” “Dos Yidishe Togblat,” and “Beys Yankev.” She also wrote in Hebrew—“Bat Israel” and “Baderekh” are two examples—with her Hebrew writing collected in Ketavim le-bat Yisra’el , published in Tel Aviv in 1954. Baum energetically promoted women’s education, an active role for religious Jewish women, and a number of charities. This article analyzes Bronia Baum’s unpublished manuscripts from the years 1912 to 1921. They include a diary in Russian and poems in Polish and Yiddish, and together constitute a unique literary and historical document. Baum’s work is considered from five perspectives: (1) the critical importance of education; (2) the role of World War I in shaping and determining her opinions and worldview, and of antisemitism in developing her Zionist stance; (3) her position on tradition and religion; (4) feminist motifs in her manuscripts, along with her attitude toward men and her relations with women; and (5) her approach toward her own writing, her compulsion to write and its source.

中文翻译：

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'来写？这场酷刑是为了什么？布罗妮娅·鲍姆的手稿见证了作家、活动家和记者的形成

Bronia (Breyndl) Baum (1896–1947) 是一位东正教犹太作家、活动家和记者。她出生在 Tomaszów Mazowiecki 的一个哈西德家庭，1918 年搬到 Piotrków Trybunalski，然后搬到 Łódź。1925 年，她离开波兰前往以色列土地。她在意第绪语论文中发表的诗歌和文章包括“Der Yud”、“Dos Yidishe Togblat”和“Beys Yankev”。她还用希伯来语写作——“Bat Israel”和“Baderekh”就是两个例子——她的希伯来语作品被收录在 Ketavim le-bat Yisra'el 中，于 1954 年在特拉维夫出版。犹太妇女和一些慈善机构。本文分析了布罗妮娅·鲍姆 (Bronia Baum) 从 1912 年到 1921 年未发表的手稿。 其中包括俄语日记和波兰语和意第绪语诗歌，并共同构成了独特的文学和历史文献。鲍姆的工作从五个方面来考虑：（1）教育的重要性；(2) 第一次世界大战在塑造和决定她的观点和世界观方面的作用，以及反犹太主义在发展她的犹太复国主义立场方面的作用；(3) 她对传统和宗教的立场；（4）她手稿中的女权主义主题，以及她对男人的态度和她与女人的关系；（5）她对自己写作的态度，她的写作冲动及其来源。以及她对男人的态度以及她与女人的关系；（5）她对自己写作的态度，她的写作冲动及其来源。以及她对男人的态度以及她与女人的关系；（5）她对自己写作的态度，她的写作冲动及其来源。