Abstract

Scholars of international relations frequently explore how states normalize the use of military force through processes of militarization, yet few have analyzed how new information and communication technologies impact on these processes. The essays in this forum address this gap, and consider the political significance of new technologies, new actors, and new practices that shape “Militarization 2.0” and normalize political violence in the digital age. The authors in this forum rely, to varying degrees, on common militarized tropes and dichotomies (such as authenticity, belonging, and (de)humanizing framings) that are key to militarization, including those devices that rest on gender, race/ethnicity, and heteronormativity. Moving beyond a military-centered approach to militarization, the authors’ questions cover ministries of foreign affairs; the embodied performances of celebrity leaders and insurgency groups; arms producers, the military video game industry, and private military and security companies; and violence entrepreneurs. The forum closes with reflections from Cynthia Enloe.

中文翻译：

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论坛：军事化 2.0：数字时代政治暴力的传播与常态化

摘要

国际关系学者经常探索国家如何通过军事化过程使军事力量的使用正常化，但很少有人分析新的信息和通信技术如何影响这些过程。本论坛中的文章解决了这一差距，并考虑了塑造“军事化 2.0”并使数字时代的政治暴力正常化的新技术、新参与者和新做法的政治意义。本论坛的作者在不同程度上依赖于军事化关键的常见军事化比喻和二分法（例如真实性、归属感和（去）人性化框架），包括那些基于性别、种族/民族和异同性。超越以军事为中心的军事化方法，作者的问题涵盖外交部；名人领袖和叛乱团体的体现；武器生产商、军事视频游戏行业以及私营军事和安保公司；和暴力企业家。论坛以辛西娅·恩洛 (Cynthia Enloe) 的反思结束。