This introductory chapter gives an overview of empirical approaches to deception and lying that are considered to be of relevance to the pragmatics of the two focal concepts. Attention is thus paid to: the use of natural language data in theoretical debates, the studies of verbal and nonverbal cues for deception, the explorations of people’s understandings of the definitional and moral aspects of lying, as well as the research of deception in children. It is shown that empirical approaches to lying and deception increase our understanding of other theoretical concepts developed by linguists, psychologists and philosophers, and are indeed necessary for further development of pragmatic theory of lying and deception.

中文翻译：

---

介绍

本介绍性章节概述了欺骗和说谎的经验方法，这些方法被认为与这两个焦点概念的实用性有关。因此，应注意：在理论辩论中使用自然语言数据，研究欺骗性的口头和非语言暗示，探索人们对说谎的定义和道德方面的理解以及对儿童欺骗的研究。结果表明，关于说谎和欺骗的经验方法增加了我们对语言学家，心理学家和哲学家提出的其他理论概念的理解，并且对于进一步发展实用的说谎和欺骗理论确实是必要的。