In the 1990s and 2000s, as NATO enlargement became a reality, scholars commented on the socializing influence of NATO, predicting a transformation of security identities. Was NATO successful in institutionalizing self-restraint and cooperative security among its new members and partners? We contend that it was successful so long as threats to transatlantic security remained low. When states perceive that the threat is increasing, however, more traditional conceptions of national identity displace the cooperative security model. While a great deal of institutional learning happened through the process of NATO accession and partnership building in the past two decades, the socialization process stopped short of transforming new members’ security mindsets. Our main contribution, then, is to provide an accurate picture of NATO’s influence in terms of reshaping the transatlantic security community and to analyze the different versions of NATO that were proposed in the post-Cold War era.

中文翻译：

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北约扩大和合作安全观念的失败

在1990年代和2000年代，随着北约扩大成为现实，学者们评论了北约的社会化影响，预言了安全身份的转变。北约是否成功地将其新成员和合作伙伴之间的自我约束和合作安全制度化？我们认为，只要对跨大西洋安全的威胁仍然很低，它就是成功的。但是，当国家意识到威胁正在增加时，更传统的国家认同概念将取代合作安全模型。在过去的二十年中，尽管北约加入和建立伙伴关系的过程中发生了许多机构学习，但社会化过程却没有改变新成员的安全观念。那么，我们的主要贡献