Unlike other social sciences, the archaeological discipline has been lacking a theoretical framework to discuss the mechanism of migration. Traditionally, patterns of population movements were denoted from material culture and interpreted within the context of ethnicity and the diffusion of ideas without considering underlying processes and incentives, despite active consideration of these issues by geographers and sociologists. It was not until the 1990s that a more integrated archaeological discussion on the various stimuli, influences, and mechanisms of why people choose to migrate was beginning to evolve. Since then, the debate on migration in archaeology has not only reflected on patterns of cultural and technological change but also increasingly on aspects of identity and self-realization; both in terms of how migrants themselves adapt and adjust to their new home environment, and how the host-communities themselves respond and interact with newcomers. Using four case studies, the current paper proposes a new theoretical model for how to assess patterns of group migrations. This new model considers the respective mode of agency related to both the intention and size of the group. “Very High and High Group Agency” represent situations where the migrant group is at a technological and quantitative advantage to the host community, while “Medium and Low Group Agency” represent situations where the newcomers are forced to respond to their new environment through adaptation and adjustment to their local host community.

中文翻译：

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移民，团体代理和考古：新的理论模型

与其他社会科学不同，考古学科一直缺乏讨论迁徙机制的理论框架。传统上，人口迁移的模式是从物质文化中表示出来的，并且在种族和思想传播的背景下进行解释，而不考虑地理过程和动机，尽管地理学家和社会学家积极考虑了这些问题。直到1990年代，有关人们选择迁移的各种刺激，影响和机制的考古综合讨论才开始发展。从那时起，关于考古学迁移的辩论不仅反映了文化和技术变革的模式，而且也越来越多地体现在身份和自我实现方面；在移民本身如何适应和适应新的家庭环境方面，以及移民社区自身如何应对新移民并与新移民互动方面，都包括在内。本文通过四个案例研究，提出了一种新的理论模型，用于评估群体迁移的模式。这个新模型考虑了与集团的意图和规模有关的代理模式。“最高和最高团体代理”表示移民群体在接待社区方面具有技术和数量优势的情况，而“中等和较低团体代理”表示新移民被迫通过适应和应对新环境的情况。适应当地的接待社区。本文通过四个案例研究，提出了一种新的理论模型，用于评估群体迁移的模式。这个新模型考虑了与集团的意图和规模有关的代理模式。“最高和最高团体代理”表示移民群体在接待社区方面具有技术和数量优势的情况，而“中等和较低团体代理”表示新移民被迫通过适应和应对新环境的情况。适应当地的接待社区。本文通过四个案例研究，提出了一种新的理论模型，用于评估群体迁移的模式。这个新模型考虑了与集团的意图和规模有关的代理模式。“最高和最高团体代理”表示移民群体在接待社区方面具有技术和数量优势的情况，而“中等和较低团体代理”表示新移民被迫通过适应和应对新环境的情况。适应当地的接待社区。