In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, company towns often provided housing for workers within a system of benevolent paternalism. This paper examines a set of workers’ cottages known as “the Twelve Apostles” on Maria Island, Tasmania. The archaeology reveals differences between the standardized, company-built houses, providing evidence that the residents’ responses often varied in ways that were not officially expected or sanctioned by the company. People individualized their houses in ways that reflect their everyday routines and rituals, and demonstrate how they made these houses into homes.

中文翻译：

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塔斯马尼亚州玛丽亚岛“统一”工人小屋中的映射差异

在十九世纪末和二十世纪初，公司城镇经常在仁慈的家长制下为工人提供住房。本文研究了塔斯马尼亚州玛丽亚岛上的一套工人别墅，称为“十二使徒岩”。考古发现了标准化的公司建造房屋之间的差异，这提供了证据，表明居民的反应经常以公司未正式期望或认可的方式变化。人们以反映他们日常工作和习惯的方式来个性化他们的房屋，并展示他们如何将这些房屋变成房屋。