Abstract This study has a twofold objective: to analyse and compare the phonological processes in a sample of Spanish children with hearing loss, both with a cochlear implant and with a hearing aid, with a group with normal hearing; and to determine whether there are differences between the participants with a cochlear implant and with a hearing aid in the frequency and nature of the phonological processes. The sample is made up of 168 participants, eight with hearing loss (four with an implant and four with a hearing aid) and 160 with normal hearing. Samples of spontaneous speech were collected and transcribed using the tools from the CHILDES project. For the analysis, the phonological processes paradigm was adopted, evaluating phonological development based on normative error rates. The participants with a hearing loss show slower phonological development in terms of phonological processes, along with atypical processes. Furthermore, the participants with cochlear implants committed more phonological errors than those that wear a hearing aid. The implications of the results are discussed, and it is recommended that auditory stimulation should be done early in children with hearing loss regardless of their technical aid.

中文翻译：

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西班牙儿童双侧听力丧失的晚期语音发展

摘要这项研究具有双重目的：分析和比较西班牙人工耳蜗和助听器听力正常儿童的听力损失样本中的语音过程。并确定在听音过程的频率和性质上，使用人工耳蜗的参与者和使用助听器的参与者之间是否存在差异。该样本由168名参与者组成，其中八名听力损失（四名植入植入物，四名使用助听器）和160名正常听力。使用CHILDES项目的工具收集并转录自发语音样本。为了进行分析，采用了语音过程范式，根据规范错误率评估语音发展。听力受损的参与者在语音过程以及非典型过程方面显示出较慢的语音发展。此外，与佩戴助听器的参与者相比，使用人工耳蜗的参与者犯了更多的语音错误。讨论了结果的含义，建议对听力下降的儿童尽早进行听觉刺激，无论其技术援助如何。