This article attempts to develop a theoretical framework in order to understand how the media system has been enabling public figures to use hate speech to enhance their media prominence. The current scenario in Brazil, shaped by a high concentration of (private) media ownership, an economic crisis, deep political polarization, distrust of democracy and the right turn, provides a privileged case for analysing it. In this scenario, public figures preach violence against homosexuals on TV. Black people are insulted and compared to monkeys. Based on Max Weber’s ideal types and Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic capital, four ideal types have been identified: the hate preacher, the right-wing populist, the media polemicist and the intolerant comedian. The analysis makes it evident that hate speakers tend to be ‘backbenchers’ who guarantee their media prominence (or ‘capital’) through a strongly commercialized media system, particularly on TV and the Internet.

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从传教士到喜剧演员：巴西仇恨言论的理想类型

本文试图建立一个理论框架，以了解媒体系统如何使公众人物能够使用仇恨言论来提高他们的媒体知名度。巴西目前的情况由高度集中的（私人）媒体所有权、经济危机、深刻的政治两极分化、对民主的不信任和右转形成，为分析它提供了一个特殊的案例。在这种情况下，公众人物在电视上宣扬针对同性恋者的暴力行为。黑人被侮辱，被比作猴子。根据马克斯韦伯的理想类型和布迪厄的符号资本概念，已经确定了四种理想类型：仇恨传教士、右翼民粹主义者、媒体辩论家和不宽容的喜剧演员。