The following paper seeks to understand Donald Trump as a “dialectical image” for the contradictions of neoliberal capitalism. Trump’s management style, as described in his Art of the Deal, combines a fetishizing of entrepreneurial risk as a “lifestyle” with the insistence that it is not the entrepreneur but his targets who are ultimately exposed to risk. This suggests that we might understand the elevation of “deal-making” to a lifestyle as a characteristic of modernity that, with neoliberalism, is increasingly coming to the fore. Such a critique of modernity, I further argue, is anticipated by Fichte’s Closed Commercial State with its intriguing dialectic of risk. I conclude by arguing that Trump’s politics marks the rise of a new, specifically American style of Fascism—one that demands identification not with the state as supra-individual collective, but with an impersonal system governing over individual lives and rendering them precarious.

中文翻译：

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这是怎么回事？特朗普，菲希特（Fichte）封闭的商业国家和新自由主义风险的反证言

以下论文试图将唐纳德·特朗普理解为新自由主义资本主义矛盾的“辩证形象”。特朗普在《交易的艺术》中描述了他的管理风格，结合了对企业家风险的迷恋，将其视为一种“生活方式”，并坚持认为最终风险不在于企业家，而是他的目标。这表明我们可能将“交易”对生活方式的理解理解为现代性的特征，随着新自由主义的兴起，现代性正在日益凸显。我进一步指出，这种对现代性的批评是费希特的封闭商业国家以其有趣的风险辩证法所预期的。最后，我认为特朗普的政治标志着新的，